Welding as it is normally understood today is comparatively a new comer amongst the fabrication processes through Smith forging to join metal pieces was practiced even before Christ. Although there are a number of well-established welding processes, Arc welding with coated electrodes is still the most popular welding process, across the world. Arc welding in its present form appeared on the industrial scene in 1880’s. Arc welding however, was not accepted for fabrication of critical components till about 1920 by which time coatings for electrodes had been developed. The demand for large scale production of heavy items like ships, pressure vessels, construction of bridges and the like provided the necessary impetus for welding to come of age and the Second World War firmly established it as the major fabrication process. Welding processes widely used in the industry include Oxy-acetylene, manual metal arc or Shielded Metal Arc (SMA), Submerged Arc (SA), Gas Metal Arc (GMA), Gas Tungsten arc welding (GTA), Resistance Welding, Thermit Welding and Cold Pressure Welding. Most of these processes have special fields of influence like Resistance welding is popular with the automobile industry, Thermit welding for joining rails in situ, GMAW is particularly suited for welding of low carbon steel structures as also welding of Stainless steel and Aluminium, GTAW is more popular with aeronautical and nuclear industries, SAW for ship building, cold pressure welding for food processing popular with aeronautical and nuclear industries.

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